Which ancient civilization first used a formal 'brand marking' system on their products to indicate manufacturer quality and origin?

Before modern marketing and global brands, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated product innovations and marketing techniques that would be recognizable today. From luxury goods traded along the Silk Road to specialized artisan workshops in Rome, these early product developments laid the foundation for modern commerce. Test your knowledge about the innovative product developments and consumer trends of the ancient world!

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Ancient Romans, who stamped SPQR on government-certified goods
Ancient Greeks, who used potter's marks to identify premium ceramic workshops
Ancient Egyptians, who marked royal-commissioned goods with pharaoh cartouches
Ancient Chinese, who used imperial seals on silk and porcelain exports