Which presidential campaign was the first to use targeted digital advertising to deliver different messages to different voter segments based on their online behavior and preferences?

In modern politics, campaign messaging has evolved to use sophisticated marketing techniques similar to product advertising. Government and political campaigns now employ targeted advertising, brand management, and consumer psychology principles to 'sell' their policies and candidates. This poll tests your knowledge about a groundbreaking political advertising innovation that changed how government campaigns connect with citizens.

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Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign
George W. Bush's 2004 re-election campaign
Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign
Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign