Which ancient civilization pioneered the first known form of retail loyalty program using clay tokens that customers could collect and later exchange for discounts?

Before modern retail, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems. From Mesopotamian clay tokens tracking inventory to Roman shopping complexes with specialized stores, these early retail innovations laid groundwork for today's commerce. This trivia explores how ancient societies handled retail challenges and created innovative solutions for trade, commerce, and customer experience thousands of years before digital transformation.

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Phoenicians, who gave regular traders marked pottery shards to redeem for preferential treatment at their maritime trading posts
Romans, who issued metal tesserae to frequent customers at bathhouses and markets that could be exchanged for services
Ancient Egyptians, who provided papyrus loyalty certificates to noble customers who frequently purchased luxury goods
Babylonians, who carved customer names on temple walls after ten purchases, granting them merchant discounts