Which retail innovation in the 1450s dramatically transformed how religious texts were distributed to the masses?

Throughout history, religious texts have undergone dramatic transformations in how they're produced, distributed, and marketed to believers. From ancient scrolls to modern digital platforms, the 'product development' of sacred literature reflects both technological innovation and changing spiritual practices. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in how these fundamental spiritual products reached the masses.

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Gutenberg's printing press, which allowed mass production of Bibles
The establishment of monastery gift shops selling hand-copied manuscripts
Development of parchment subscription services with monthly deliveries
Creation of the first religious bookstore chains in European market squares