Which AI algorithm invention is credited with powering the first successful large-scale retail recommendation systems, transforming how online stores suggest products?

The world of retail has been transformed by artificial intelligence in recent decades. Behind these innovations are key discoveries and inventions that fundamentally changed how retailers understand and serve customers. This poll tests your knowledge about a pivotal moment in retail AI development that revolutionized personalized shopping experiences worldwide. Do you know which breakthrough made today's sophisticated retail recommendation engines possible?

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Matrix Factorization, invented by Netflix Prize winners BellKor's Pragmatic Chaos team in 2009
Random Forest Clustering, developed by Amazon's internal research team in 2003
Neural Collaborative Filtering, created by Microsoft Research Asia in 2001
Bayesian Preference Mapping, pioneered by eBay's data science lab in 2005