Which scientific product recall in the 2000s led to the largest settlement for fraudulent marketing and failure to report safety data in US pharmaceutical history?

Product recalls in the scientific industry can have massive implications for public safety and company reputations. This trivia question focuses on one of the most significant scientific product recalls in recent history that changed regulatory practices across the pharmaceutical industry. Test your knowledge about how scientific product quality control failures have impacted consumer markets and led to enhanced safety protocols.

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Vioxx (rofecoxib) by Merck - withdrawn after findings linked it to increased risk of heart attacks and strokes
Thalidomide by Grünenthal GmbH - recalled after causing thousands of birth defects worldwide
Ranitidine (Zantac) - recalled after discovery of potential NDMA carcinogen contamination
Hydroxyquinoline (Clioquinol) - withdrawn after being linked to subacute myelo-optic neuropathy