Which innovative product design has been most successful in reducing human-elephant conflicts in African farming communities?

Conservation efforts for endangered species often involve innovative product design to tackle complex challenges. From wildlife tracking devices to sustainable alternatives that reduce human-wildlife conflict, product design plays a crucial role in modern conservation. This trivia question tests your knowledge about a groundbreaking product design that has significantly impacted elephant conservation efforts in Africa.

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Beehive fences that use elephants' natural fear of bees to create natural boundaries
Motion-activated noise cannons that simulate predator sounds
GPS-enabled elephant collars that send text alerts to farmers when herds approach
Chili pepper-infused rope barriers that irritate elephants' sensitive trunks