Which mathematical algorithm, developed in the early 2000s, revolutionized retail supply chain management by reducing stockouts by up to 30% for major retailers like Walmart and Amazon?

Mathematics has transformed modern retail in countless ways, from inventory optimization to predictive analytics. One breakthrough mathematical application revolutionized how major retailers handle their supply chains, saving billions annually. This poll tests your knowledge of the intersection between advanced mathematics and retail supply chain management - do you know which mathematical innovation truly changed the retail landscape?

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Monte Carlo simulation for inventory forecasting
Bayesian inference models for consumer demand prediction
Simplex method for transportation optimization
Markov chains for shelf-life management