Which mathematical technique revolutionized retail big data analysis by allowing efficient processing of sparse, high-dimensional customer purchase patterns?

The intersection of mathematics and retail analytics has transformed how companies make decisions. Advanced mathematical algorithms now power the collection, processing, and interpretation of retail big data, enabling businesses to predict customer behavior with unprecedented accuracy. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking mathematical technique that revolutionized how retailers handle vast amounts of transaction data.

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Matrix Factorization (specifically Singular Value Decomposition)
Bayesian Networks
Monte Carlo Markov Chains
Fourier Transforms