Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of 'merchant seals' as an early form of product branding to authenticate goods in long-distance trade routes?

Before modern retail giants and e-commerce platforms, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems with their own version of 'branding' and product design. The Phoenicians, Egyptians, Romans, and others created distinctive packaging, merchant marks, and promotional techniques that would be recognizable to modern marketers. Test your knowledge about these ancient retail innovations and discover how today's marketing strategies have roots going back thousands of years!

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Mesopotamians (c. 3000 BCE)
Ancient Egyptians (c. 2500 BCE)
Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600 BCE)
Ancient Greeks (c. 800 BCE)