Which ancient civilization created the first documented 'brand identity' by marking their products with standardized royal seals to guarantee quality and origin?

Before modern retail, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial strategies. Egyptian markets, Roman trade forums, and Mesopotamian bazaars all employed early forms of product branding and marketing. Merchants used distinctive symbols, seals, and packaging to distinguish their goods from competitors. This poll explores how ancient civilizations established consumer trust and product identity thousands of years before modern marketing.

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Mesopotamians (with cylinder seals marking pottery and trade goods)
Ancient Egyptians (with hieroglyphic cartouches on luxury items)
Indus Valley civilization (with steatite seals marking trade goods)
Ancient Greeks (with amphora makers' marks on wine and olive oil containers)