Which mathematical algorithm revolutionized retail churn prediction by introducing the concept of 'random forests' that can identify potential customer departures with high accuracy?

In the intersection of mathematics and retail, predictive analytics has revolutionized how businesses understand customer behavior. Mathematical models now power sophisticated churn prediction systems that can identify at-risk customers before they leave. This trivia question explores a key mathematical technique that transformed retail customer retention strategies, helping businesses move from reactive to proactive approaches in maintaining their customer base.

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Cox Proportional Hazards Model
Leo Breiman's Random Forest Algorithm
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
K-means Clustering