Which quantum principle makes quantum key distribution (QKD) fundamentally secure for protecting transactions in scientific equipment retail?

As scientific research institutions and laboratories face increasing cyber threats to their valuable data and intellectual property, quantum encryption is emerging as a cutting-edge security solution. This poll tests your knowledge about how quantum cryptography is transforming cybersecurity in scientific retail environments where sensitive equipment, materials, and research tools are sold. Can you identify the correct quantum encryption principle that makes this technology so promising for protecting scientific retail transactions?

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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, which ensures any attempt to measure a quantum system disturbs it in a detectable way
Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which allows quantum particles to transmit information faster than light
Quantum Tunneling Effect, which enables secure data packets to bypass traditional network barriers
Schrödinger's Superposition Theorem, which creates data that exists in multiple security states simultaneously