Which of these scientific research tools was originally developed for astronomy but revolutionized medical imaging when repurposed?

Product development in the scientific research industry requires rigorous testing and often leads to unexpected discoveries. Many scientific innovations that changed our world emerged from extensive R&D processes that took years or even decades. This poll tests your knowledge about a famous scientific product development journey that revolutionized modern medicine.

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Charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors, first created for starlight detection but later became essential for digital X-ray imaging
Liquid nitrogen cooling systems, designed for telescope mirrors but later adapted for cryogenic tissue preservation
Carbon fiber composites, engineered for space telescopes but later used in prosthetic limb development
Laser interferometry technology, invented for gravitational wave detection but repurposed for microscopic cellular imaging