Which ancient civilization first introduced standardized product packaging with branded seals to verify authenticity and prevent fraud in retail distribution?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems that shaped commerce for millennia. From the agoras of Greece to the forums of Rome and the bazaars of Mesopotamia, retail innovations emerged that we still see echoes of today. This poll tests your knowledge of how ancient peoples revolutionized the exchange of goods and created retail experiences that would influence trade throughout history.

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Mesopotamians, who stamped clay containers with merchant seals to guarantee contents and origin around 3000 BCE
Ancient Egyptians, who marked papyrus-wrapped goods with pharaonic symbols to indicate royal approval around 2500 BCE
Romans, who developed lead-sealed amphorae with producer marks to track wine and oil distribution around 200 BCE
Chinese Han Dynasty merchants, who used silk wrappings with imperial stamps to authenticate luxury goods around 100 BCE