Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of 'merchant seals' as an early form of brand identity for their products in international trade routes?

Before modern logos and branding, ancient civilizations created powerful visual identities that served similar purposes to today's corporate logos. These symbols represented authority, cultural identity, and commerce in marketplaces from Rome to Mesopotamia. Test your knowledge about how ancient civilizations utilized symbols and branding concepts that continue to influence modern product marketing and brand strategy.

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Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE), using square steatite seals with animal motifs to mark trade goods
Ancient Egypt (3100-30 BCE), using papyrus stamps with hieroglyphics to authenticate royal merchandise
Phoenicians (1500-300 BCE), using purple-dyed clay impressions to brand exported textiles and pottery
Ancient Greece (800-146 BCE), using coin-like medallions attached to amphora to certify olive oil quality