Which pioneering technology was FIRST widely adopted in public transportation systems to enable contactless ticketing and revolutionize transit retail analytics?

Modern transportation systems are increasingly adopting advanced data analytics and machine learning to optimize operations and enhance customer experience. One of the most significant innovations has been the implementation of smart ticketing systems that collect and analyze passenger data. These systems not only streamline the boarding process but also provide valuable insights for transportation companies to optimize routes, schedules, and pricing strategies. Test your knowledge about these cutting-edge transportation retail analytics systems!

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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) cards, first widely implemented in Hong Kong's Octopus system in 1997
QR code tickets, first widely implemented in Japan's railway system in 1994
NFC (Near Field Communication) mobile payments, first widely implemented in London's Oyster system in 2003
Bluetooth beacon ticketing, first widely implemented in Singapore's EZ-Link system in 2001