Which mathematical concept was pioneered by Walmart in the 1990s to optimize product placement, leading to the famous 'adjacency strategy' now used by retailers worldwide?

The intersection of mathematics and retail has transformed how products are developed, marketed, and sold. From inventory optimization algorithms to pricing strategies based on statistical models, mathematics plays a crucial role in modern retail success. This trivia question explores how a famous mathematical concept revolutionized product organization and customer experience in major retail stores.

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Graph Theory Network Optimization
Bayesian Probability Models
Markov Chain Analysis
Fibonacci Sequence Distribution