Which ancient civilization is credited with creating the first known branded products with manufacturer marks that served as early product reviews and quality guarantees?

Before digital marketing and modern advertising, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods to promote their goods and services. From town criers in Mesopotamia to elaborate shop signs in Pompeii, marketing has ancient roots. This poll explores how ancient civilizations approached product promotion and the surprising innovations they developed that still influence marketing strategies today.

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Ancient Egypt, with cartouche symbols on pottery indicating royal workshop production
Mesopotamia, with cylinder seals stamped on clay tablets as merchant guarantees
Ancient Rome, with stamped maker's marks (sigillum) on goods ranging from pottery to bread
Ancient China, with imperial stamps on silk and porcelain products indicating authorized production