Which retail technology advancement, first widely implemented in 1974, fundamentally changed food shopping by allowing automated price lookup and inventory tracking?

The food retail landscape has been transformed by technological advancements in recent years. From cashier-less stores to AI-powered inventory management, technology has revolutionized how consumers shop for food and how retailers manage their operations. This trivia question explores a significant retail technology advancement that changed the grocery shopping experience forever.

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Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode scanning
Self-checkout kiosks
Electronic shelf labels
RFID inventory tracking