Which film franchise pioneered the modern movie merchandising model that most major studios now follow, with its creator famously negotiating merchandise rights instead of directing fees?

The film industry has evolved beyond just ticket sales, with merchandising becoming a critical revenue stream for major studios. This poll tests your knowledge about a revolutionary retail strategy that transformed how Hollywood monetizes blockbuster franchises. The strategic approach to retail merchandising can sometimes generate more revenue than the film itself, creating lasting brand identity and consumer engagement long after a movie leaves theaters.

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Star Wars (George Lucas retained merchandise rights in 1977 instead of taking a higher directing fee)
Jurassic Park (Steven Spielberg established the first comprehensive cross-retail strategy in 1993)
Batman (Tim Burton created the first studio merchandise division for DC Comics films in 1989)
E.T. (Universal Pictures pioneered product placement and toy licensing that outearned box office in 1982)