Which ancient civilization first used clay bullae (sealed clay envelopes) as a security measure to prevent tampering with commercial documents and guarantee authenticity of goods?

Before digital encryption and cybersecurity protocols, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods to protect their marketplaces, valuable goods, and commercial information. These early security measures laid the groundwork for modern retail security concepts. Test your knowledge about how ancient civilizations protected their commercial interests and prevented theft or fraud in their bustling marketplaces and trade networks.

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Mesopotamia (specifically Ancient Sumer)
Ancient Egypt
Indus Valley Civilization
Ancient China