Which innovative 'brand strategy' did ancient Egyptian merchants use to differentiate their products and establish trust with customers around 3000 BCE?

Before digital marketing and TV commercials, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods to promote their products and establish their 'brands.' From stamped pottery in Mesopotamia to merchant seals in the Indus Valley, these early marketing techniques laid the groundwork for modern brand strategy. This trivia question explores how ancient Egyptian merchants created some of the earliest examples of product differentiation and brand recognition.

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Stamping unique hieroglyphic seals on their goods to indicate origin and quality
Creating elaborate stone billboards along trade routes featuring product testimonials
Distributing papyrus scrolls with illustrated product catalogs to wealthy households
Employing professional storytellers to spread tales about product benefits in marketplaces