Which ancient civilization first introduced standardized product branding by stamping maker's marks on pottery and goods to guarantee quality and origin?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations created sophisticated retail systems that would influence commerce for millennia to come. From the grand bazaars of Mesopotamia to the specialized markets of Rome, retail innovations helped build empires and spread culture. This poll explores one of the earliest and most influential retail innovations that changed how people shopped in antiquity.

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Ancient Egypt, with royal seals guaranteeing products made for the pharaoh
Ancient Greece, where potters and artisans signed their works with distinctive logos
Mesopotamia, where cylinder seals marked goods from specific city-states
Ancient Rome, where the collegia (trade guilds) marked products with standardized stamps