Which of these pharmaceutical product recalls resulted in the highest total financial cost to its manufacturer?

Product recalls in the medical industry can have serious consequences for both patients and manufacturers. Beyond the immediate health concerns, these recalls often result in massive financial impacts through settlements, stock drops, and remediation costs. This poll tests your knowledge about one of the most financially significant pharmaceutical product recalls in history. Can you identify which medication's recall caused the greatest financial impact on its manufacturer?

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Vioxx (rofecoxib) by Merck, withdrawn in 2004 after links to heart attacks and strokes
Thalidomide by Grünenthal GmbH, withdrawn in 1961 after causing birth defects
Baycol (cerivastatin) by Bayer, withdrawn in 2001 after links to fatal muscle disease
Bextra (valdecoxib) by Pfizer, withdrawn in 2005 due to cardiovascular risks