Which public transportation system was the first to implement a contactless smart card payment system for fare collection?

The transportation industry has undergone significant digital transformation over the decades. Payment systems in particular have evolved from simple cash transactions to sophisticated contactless solutions. This poll tests your knowledge about a pivotal moment in transportation payment history that changed how millions of commuters interact with public transit systems. Do you know which pioneering system first brought digital payments to mass transit?

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Hong Kong's Octopus card (1997)
London's Oyster card (2003)
Tokyo's Suica card (2001)
Singapore's EZ-Link card (2002)