Which mathematical technique forms the foundation of Netflix's original recommendation algorithm that won the $1 million Netflix Prize in 2009?

Ever wondered how e-commerce platforms suggest products that seem to read your mind? Behind those personalized recommendations lies sophisticated mathematics! From collaborative filtering algorithms to matrix factorization techniques, recommendation systems use complex mathematical models to predict what you might want to buy next. Test your knowledge about the mathematical foundations that power modern retail recommendation engines.

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Matrix Factorization with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
K-means clustering with Euclidean distance metrics
Deep Neural Networks with Reinforcement Learning
Decision Tree Random Forests with Gini impurity