In retail psychology, which layout strategy is known as the 'Gruen Transfer' and is deliberately used by retailers to increase unplanned purchases?

Retailers invest significant resources in store layout psychology to maximize sales. The strategic placement of products, the flow of customer traffic, and even sensory elements like music and scent are carefully engineered to influence purchasing behavior. This poll tests your knowledge of a fascinating psychological tactic used in modern retail environments that has been proven to impact consumer spending patterns.

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The strategic placement of essential items at the back of the store, forcing customers to walk past non-essential items
The use of red price tags to create a sense of urgency and special value for discounted items
The practice of playing slower-tempo music to encourage shoppers to move more slowly through the store
The technique of placing premium products at eye level while positioning budget options on lower shelves