Which ancient civilization pioneered the first known branded products with maker's marks to distinguish quality and prevent counterfeiting?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations pioneered sophisticated retail strategies that would shape commerce for millennia. From the bustling agoras of Greece to the complex trade networks of Mesopotamia, ancient merchants developed surprisingly advanced techniques for product positioning, customer segmentation, and brand recognition. Test your knowledge about these early retail innovations that laid the foundation for today's commercial practices!

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Ancient Egyptians, who marked pottery with hieroglyphic seals to indicate royal workshop production
Ancient Romans, who stamped brick and pottery with 'ex officina' (from the workshop of) followed by the artisan's name
Mesopotamians, who used cylinder seals on clay containers to identify merchant houses
Ancient Chinese, who used imperial chops on porcelain to designate official production facilities