What was the original meaning of the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

Black Friday has become one of the most significant retail events globally, driving massive sales and consumer activity. But how well do you really understand the origins and evolution of this shopping phenomenon? Test your knowledge about this retail tradition that has transformed the business landscape and consumer behavior patterns worldwide.

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A stock market crash in 1869 when gold prices plummeted
The day retail stores traditionally moved from operating at a loss ('in the red') to making a profit ('in the black')
A term coined by Philadelphia police describing heavy traffic and crowding in downtown shops
A marketing campaign created by Macy's in the 1950s to promote holiday shopping