Which retail innovation first popularized the use of 'heat mapping' technology to analyze customer movement patterns within physical store layouts based on geographic principles?

In the world of geography-based retail, companies are constantly innovating to leverage location data for competitive advantage. From location-based marketing to geographically optimized store layouts, the intersection of geography and retail is transforming how products reach consumers. Test your knowledge about a fascinating retail innovation that changed how geographic data influences shopping experiences!

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Paco Underhill's 'Why We Buy' methodology, which tracked shopper paths through stores using manual geographic mapping in the 1990s
PathTracker by Sorensen Associates, which used RFID-equipped shopping carts to create the first automated geographic movement analytics in stores in 2003
Amazon Go's computer vision system that eliminated checkout lines by tracking customer geographic movements in 2018
Target's 'Store of the Future' program that used smartphone location data to create dynamic store layouts in 2015