Which presidential campaign first used A/B testing extensively in email marketing, reportedly generating an additional $57 million in donations through optimized subject lines?

Political campaigns have evolved dramatically in their advertising strategies over the decades. From traditional media to sophisticated digital targeting, the way candidates reach voters has transformed. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal moment in political advertising that changed how campaigns approach voter outreach and fundraising through digital channels.

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Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign
Mitt Romney's 2012 campaign
Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign
Donald Trump's 2016 campaign