Which bookstore chain pioneered the modern membership loyalty program in 1998 that influenced the entire book retail industry with its annual fee model and substantial discounts?

The publishing and bookselling world has been transformed by various customer loyalty innovations over the decades. Independent bookstores and major chains alike have developed unique ways to maintain customer loyalty in an increasingly digital marketplace. One particular program revolutionized how readers interact with bookstores and significantly impacted the industry. Test your knowledge of this important development in literary retail history!

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Barnes & Noble with its B&N Membership program
Borders with its Borders Rewards Plus
Books-A-Million with its Millionaire's Club
Powell's Books with its Powell's Perks program