Which post-war development most directly led to the widespread establishment of Army-Navy surplus stores as a distinct retail segment in the United States?

After World War II, a unique retail phenomenon emerged across America - the Army Navy surplus store. These specialized retailers became cultural institutions, selling military surplus equipment to civilians and veterans alike. This poll tests your knowledge about the fascinating history of how military surplus transformed into a distinct retail segment that continues to influence fashion, outdoor equipment, and tactical gear markets today.

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The massive surplus of military equipment after World War II created an inventory glut the government sold to entrepreneurs
A directive from General Eisenhower to create veteran-owned businesses through a special retail licensing program
The Cold War-era Civil Defense initiative requiring citizens to maintain military-grade equipment
A 1947 War Department marketing campaign promoting military gear for civilian outdoor recreation