Which major city's transportation authority was the first to implement an open-loop contactless payment system that allows passengers to tap credit/debit cards directly on turnstiles without a specialized transit card?

The transportation industry has undergone significant retail technology advancements in recent years, particularly in how passengers pay for their journeys. From traditional paper tickets to modern contactless solutions, payment systems have evolved dramatically to improve convenience and efficiency. This trivia question focuses on a groundbreaking contactless payment innovation that changed how millions of people interact with public transportation systems.

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London (Transport for London)
Tokyo (Japan Railways)
New York City (MTA)
Hong Kong (MTR Corporation)