Which security protocol, invented in 1994, revolutionized online retail by enabling encrypted transactions and is symbolized by a padlock icon in web browsers?

The evolution of retail cybersecurity has been marked by groundbreaking innovations that transformed how we protect sensitive customer data. In the early days of e-commerce, security was often an afterthought, but certain pivotal inventions changed the landscape forever. This trivia explores a critical security protocol that revolutionized online retail and continues to protect millions of transactions daily.

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SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
JWT (JSON Web Token)
CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)