Which innovative product development approach did NASA implement during the James Webb Space Telescope project that revolutionized how space observatories are tested?

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) represents one of the most complex product development projects in astronomy history. This engineering marvel required innovative solutions to unprecedented challenges, from its unique sunshield design to its sophisticated optical systems. Test your knowledge about the development journey of this groundbreaking astronomical tool that's revolutionizing our view of the cosmos.

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The pathfinder approach: building a full-scale engineering test model before final assembly
The concurrent engineering model: developing all components simultaneously without integration testing
The orbital prototype method: testing smaller versions in space before building the final telescope
The digital twin simulation: relying exclusively on computer modeling with no physical testing