Which transportation company was the first to widely implement algorithmic 'surge pricing' that automatically increases fares during periods of high demand?

In the transportation sector, pricing strategies have evolved dramatically with technology. Airlines pioneered variable pricing decades ago, but modern transportation companies have taken pricing sophistication to new levels. From surge pricing in rideshares to demand-based pricing in public transit, the way transportation services are priced affects both profitability and passenger behavior. Test your knowledge of how modern transportation companies leverage advanced pricing techniques to balance supply, demand, and profitability.

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Uber
Lyft
American Airlines
Deutsche Bahn (German Railways)