Which product design methodology was pivotal in developing the handheld PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) devices that revolutionized field testing during epidemics?

The development of scientific products requires rigorous research methodologies, iterative design processes, and extensive testing protocols. Product design in the scientific industry balances functionality, precision, and user experience considerations unique to laboratory and research environments. How well do you know the product design principles that have shaped breakthrough scientific tools? Test your knowledge of how innovative scientific products come to market!

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Design Thinking with emphasis on miniaturization of thermal cycling components
Waterfall development focusing on software optimization before hardware design
Lean Six Sigma with primary focus on reducing manufacturing defects
Agile hardware development with quarterly release cycles to market