Which psychological principle is NOT typically leveraged in the design of retail loyalty programs?

Loyalty programs are a cornerstone of modern retail strategy, but their effectiveness hinges on sophisticated psychological principles and economic models. This trivia question explores how major retailers design these programs to maximize customer retention and lifetime value. Test your knowledge of the strategic thinking behind those cards in your wallet!

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Loss aversion (fear of losing accumulated points/status)
Goal gradient effect (accelerated spending as rewards get closer)
Decoy effect (irrelevant alternatives influencing decision-making)
Endowed progress effect (giving initial 'free' points to encourage completion)