Which presidential campaign was the first to effectively use micro-targeted digital advertising to reach specific voter demographics based on their online behavior?

Throughout history, political campaigns have leveraged innovative advertising strategies to reach voters. Some campaigns have created such distinctive ads that they fundamentally changed how political marketing works. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking moment in political advertising that transformed campaign strategy and created a template still referenced today.

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Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign
Donald Trump's 2016 campaign
Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign
Mitt Romney's 2012 campaign