Which military product development directly led to the creation of the modern retail barcode scanning system used in stores worldwide?

Throughout history, militaries have not only fought battles but also innovated in product development. From emergency rations to navigation systems, military necessity has driven countless commercial innovations. This poll tests your knowledge about how a significant military product development eventually transformed civilian retail markets and changed shopping habits worldwide.

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The US Army's C-ration packaging system (1940s)
The Navy's shipboard inventory tracking system (1950s)
The USAF's railroad car tracking project using reflective patterns (1960s)
The Pentagon's automated warehousing system (1970s)