Which gaming company's loyalty program first introduced a 'Battle Pass' system that has since been widely adopted across the industry as a standard monetization and retention model?

In the competitive gaming industry, player retention and brand loyalty have become critical business metrics. Game companies deploy sophisticated strategies to keep players engaged and loyal to their platforms and franchises. This trivia question explores how one major gaming company revolutionized player loyalty through an innovative program that changed industry standards.

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Epic Games (Fortnite)
Valve Corporation (Dota 2)
Riot Games (League of Legends)
Activision Blizzard (Call of Duty)