Which innovative marketing strategy helped Texas Instruments maintain its dominance in the graphing calculator market for mathematics education since the 1990s?

Texas Instruments transformed mathematics education with their graphing calculators, particularly the TI-83 and TI-84 series. Despite newer technologies emerging, these calculators maintain a dominant market position in classrooms worldwide. This poll explores one of the most successful product marketing campaigns in educational mathematics tools. Do you know how Texas Instruments achieved their remarkable market penetration?

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Direct-to-teacher programs that provided free calculators and training to mathematics educators, creating institutional loyalty
Celebrity mathematician endorsements featuring Fields Medal winners in national television commercials
Annual calculator design competitions where students could create custom calculator skins that went into mass production
The "Calculate Your Future" campaign that offered college scholarships to students who created viral math-based social media content