Which mathematical technique first enabled major breakthroughs in retail analytics by identifying hidden patterns in large customer datasets?

Retail analytics has evolved dramatically through mathematical innovation. Behind the personalized recommendations and inventory decisions are sophisticated algorithms that transform raw data into actionable insights. This trivia question explores a pivotal mathematical technique that revolutionized how retailers understand customer behavior patterns and make data-driven decisions. Test your knowledge about the intersection of mathematics and retail analytics!

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Market Basket Analysis using Association Rule Mining
Bayesian Probability Networks for Demand Forecasting
Monte Carlo Simulations for Inventory Management
Markov Chain Models for Customer Journey Mapping