Which ancient civilization first introduced standardized pricing in retail markets, replacing the common practice of haggling with fixed prices for goods?

Long before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail systems that shaped commerce for millennia. From the bustling agoras of Greece to the complex marketplaces of Mesopotamia, retail strategies evolved to meet consumer needs and drive economic growth. This trivia question explores one of history's most significant early retail innovations that fundamentally changed how people shopped and merchants operated.

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Roman Empire - with the introduction of the 'pretium iustum' (just price) system under Emperor Diocletian's Price Edict of 301 CE
Ancient Egypt - through the implementation of hieroglyphic price tags on goods sold in the markets of Thebes during the New Kingdom period
Phoenician merchants - who established uniform pricing across their Mediterranean trading network to simplify transactions with multiple cultures
Han Dynasty China - with the imperial decree that standardized prices in the capital markets to prevent corruption among merchants