Which ancient civilization created the first known branded products with manufacturer seals that functioned similar to modern trademarks?

Before modern retail stores and marketing strategies, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems. From Mesopotamian clay tablets tracking inventory to Roman advertising frescos, early retailers understood the power of brand recognition. This trivia question explores how ancient merchants created some of the earliest examples of product branding and customer loyalty—techniques that would evolve into today's retail marketing principles.

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Mesopotamia (with cylinder seals stamped on clay containers for quality assurance)
Ancient Egypt (with pharaonic cartouches on luxury goods)
Ancient Rome (with maker's marks on pottery and metal goods)
Ancient China (with imperial workshop seals on silk and ceramics)