Which retail design principle, widely used in modern airports and train stations, is known as the 'Gruen Transfer' and significantly increases unplanned purchases in transportation hubs?

The transportation sector has dramatically transformed its retail approach over the decades, particularly in airport and transit hubs. These spaces have evolved from simple waiting areas to sophisticated retail environments that leverage consumer psychology and strategic layouts to maximize both customer satisfaction and revenue. Test your knowledge about how transportation retail spaces are designed to influence purchasing behavior!

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The disorientation technique that uses curved pathways and strategic lighting to slow passengers down and expose them to more retail options
The placement of essential services (restrooms, information desks) at maximum distance from entrances to increase passenger exposure to retail
The 'captive audience' principle that clusters luxury stores near security checkpoints where passengers experience heightened emotional states
The 'price anchoring' layout that positions premium stores first in passenger flow to make subsequent mid-range purchases feel like bargains