Which mathematical algorithm revolutionized retail analytics by enabling retailers to identify hidden patterns in consumer purchase data, leading to the famous 'beer and diapers' insight?

In today's data-driven retail environment, advanced mathematical algorithms power decision-making across the industry. From inventory optimization to customer behavior prediction, mathematics forms the foundation of modern retail analytics. This trivia question explores how a specific mathematical concept revolutionized retail data analysis and forecasting capabilities, transforming how businesses understand consumer patterns and make strategic decisions.

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Apriori Algorithm
k-means Clustering
Gradient Boosting
Markov Chain Analysis