Which of these retail innovations was initially rejected by most store owners when introduced in the 1930s but later became fundamental to modern shopping?

The retail landscape has been transformed by numerous technological innovations over the decades. Some were immediately successful, while others took time to gain traction. This poll tests your knowledge about one of the most transformative retail innovations that initially faced significant skepticism but ultimately revolutionized how we shop. Consider how this invention changed customer behavior, supply chain management, and retail business models before making your selection.

This is a live public trivia poll on AIPolls.Net. Vote and see real-time results.

Shopping carts (invented by Sylvan Goldman, who had to hire people to use them as shoppers initially refused)
Barcode scanners (created by Norman Woodland, who couldn't convince retailers they were more efficient than manual pricing)
Self-service checkout (pioneered by Clarence Saunders but abandoned when his Piggly Wiggly stores faced financial troubles)
Store loyalty cards (developed by Edward Filene but initially criticized as invasive and unnecessary by consumers)